PUBLICATIONS
2023 and in press
Zhang, M., Li, W., Zhang, L., Jia, N., You, X., & Kong, F*. (in press).Relation of emotion malleability beliefs to subjective well-being in young adults: a short-term longitudinal study Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being. DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12443 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2021) =6.58] (*Corresponding author)
Mao, Y., Kang, X., Lai, Y., Yu, K., Deng, X., Zhai, Y., Kong, F.*, Ma, J., & Bonaiuto, F., Optimal experience, organizational identification and trust bridging authentic leadership and employee resilience during COVID-19 pandemic. Current Psychology. doi: 10.1007/s12144-022-04148-x [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2021) = 2.64] (*Corresponding author)
Zhang, L., Li, W., Ye, Y., Yang, K., Jia, J., & Kong, F.* (In press). Being grateful every day will pay off: a daily diary investigation on relationships between gratitude and well-being in Chinese young adults Journal of Positive Psychology. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2021) = 6.46] (*Corresponding author)
Fan, D., Li, C., Zhu, N., Wang, T., & Kong, F.* (In press). Trait resilience and subjective well-being in emerging adulthood: a two-wave longitudinal study. Current Psychology. doi: 10.1007/s12144-022-03727-2 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2021) = 2.64] (*Corresponding author)
Wang, J., Xin, X., Huo, Y., Li, Y., Han, Y., & Kong, F.* (In press). Bifactor Modelling, reliability, and validity of the Material Values Scale of in Chinese youth. Psychological Reports. [SSCI; IF(5 years, 2021) = 2.02] (*Corresponding author)
Rehman, A.U., You, X., Wang, Z., & Kong, F.* (In press).The link between mindfulness and psychological well-being among university students: the mediating role of social connectedness and self-esteem. Current Psychology. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2021) = 2.64] (*Corresponding author)
Ye, Y., Zhang, L., Zhao, J., & Kong, F.* (2023). The relationship between gratitude and social well-being: Evidence from a longitudinal study and a daily diary method. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 55(7), 1-12. [CSSCI, In Chinese] (*Corresponding author)
Kong, F., Li, W., Wang, Q., & Zhen, Z. (2023). Incremental Well-being Beliefs and Well-being in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Self-esteem and Optimism. Child Indicators Research, 16, 533–549 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2021) = 2.56] (*Corresponding author)
Kong, F. *, Zhu, N., Ye, Y., Li, C., Zhang, L., Li, W. (2023). Childhood emotional but not physical or sexual maltreatment predicts prosocial behavior in late adolescence: A daily diary study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 139, 106123 [SSCI; IF(5 years, 2021) = 5.68] (*Corresponding author)
Li, C., Zhu, N., Zhang, L., Li, W., & Kong, F*. (2023). The relation between childhood maltreatment and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in emerging adults: A daily diary study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 138, 106057. [SSCI; IF(5 years, 2021) = 5.68] (*Corresponding author)
Kong, F.*, & Tan, Q. (2023). The relationships between happiness motives and problematic smartphone use in young adults: A weekly diary study. Computers in Human Behavior, 139. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107557 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2021) = 10.10] (*Corresponding author)
2022
Yan, W., Zhang, L., Li, W., & Kong, F.* (2022). How is subjective family socioeconomic status related to life satisfaction in Chinese adolescents? The mediating role of resilience, self-esteem and hope. Child Indicators Research, 15, 1565–1581 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2021) = 2.56] (*Corresponding author)
Jia, N, Li, W., Zhang, L., & Kong, F.* (2022). Beneficial effects of hedonic and eudaimonic motivations on subjective well-being in adolescents: a two-wave cross-lagged analysis. Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(05), 701-708. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2021) = 6.75] (*Corresponding author)
Tan, Q#. Zou, J#., & Kong, F.* (2022). Longitudinal and sex measurement invariance of the Gratitude Questionnaire in Chinese adolescents. Psychological Reports,125(6), 3209–3223. [SSCI; IF(2020) = 2.05; IF(5 years, 2020) = 1.93] (*Corresponding author)
Zhang, L., Zhu, N., Li, W., Li, C., & Kong, F*. (2022). Cognitive-affective structure of gratitude and its relationships with subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 196, 111758. [SSCI; IF(2020) = 3.00; IF(5 years, 2020) = 3.64] (*Corresponding author)
Yan, W.#, Zhang, L.#, Li, W., You, X., & Kong, F.* (2022). Associations of family subjective socioeconomic status with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in emerging adulthood: a daily diary study. Social Science & Medicine, 298, 114867 [SSCI, IF(2020) = 4.63; IF(5 years, 2020) = 5.30]
Hao, Y., Zhang, L., Bai, C., Li, W., Li, C., & Kong, F.* (2022). Gratitude and depression symptoms in Chinese nurses: A longitudinal cross-lagged study. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 14(1), 329-343 [SSCI, IF(2020) = 3.57; IF(5 years, 2019) =3.88] (*Corresponding author)
Di, M., Deng, X, Zhao, J, & Kong, F.* (2022).Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance Across Sex of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale in Chinese adolescents. Psychological Reports, 125(1), 599-619 [SSCI, IF(2020) = 2.05; IF(5 years, 2020) = 1.93] (*Corresponding author)
Li, W., Zhang, L., Li, C., Zhu, N., Zhao, J., & Kong, F.* (2022). Pursuing pleasure or meaning: a cross-lagged analysis of happiness motives and well-being in adolescents Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(8), 3981-3999. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2021) =4.75] (*Corresponding author)
2021
Yang, K., Yan, W., Jia, N, Wang, Q, & Kong, F.* (2021). Longitudinal relationship between trait gratitude and subjective well-being in adolescents: Evidence from the bi-factor model. Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(6), 802-810 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2020) = 6.73] (*Corresponding author)
Song., F. Zhou, S., Gao, Y., Hu, S., Zhang, T., Kong, F.* & Zhao, J.*, (2021). Are You Looking at Me? Impact of eye contact on object-based attention . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 47(6), 765–773 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2020) = 3.28] (*Corresponding author)
Tan, Q, Zhang, L, Li, W., & Kong, F.* (2021). Longitudinal measurement invariance of the Flourishing scale in adolescents. Current Psychology, 40, 5672–5677 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2020) = 3.54] (*Corresponding author)
Bai, C, Bai, B, & Kong, F.* (2021).Strength use and nurses' depressive symptoms: The mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(6), 1660-1667 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2020) = 3.84] (*Corresponding author)
Di, M., Jia, N, Wang, Q, Yan, W., Yang, K, & Kong, F.* (2021). A bifactor model of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale and its association with subjective well-being. Journal of Positive Psychology,16(4), 561-572 [SSCI,IF(5 years, 2020) = 6.73] (*Corresponding author)
Yan, W., Yang, K., You, X, & Kong, F.* (2021). Subjective family socioeconomic status and life satisfaction in Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of self–esteem and social support. Youth & Society，53(7), 1047-1065 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2020) = 3.75] (*Corresponding author)
Kong, F.*, Yang, K., Yan, W., & Li, X (2021). How does trait gratitude relate to subjective well-being in Chinese adolescents? The mediating role of resilience and social support. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 1611–1622 [SSCI, IIF(5 years, 2020) = 4.73] (*Corresponding author)
Li, W., Zhang, L, Jia, N, & Kong, F.* (2021). Validation of the Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities-Revised scale in Chinese adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(8), 3959 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2020) = 3.79] (*Corresponding author)
2020
Kong, F.*, Zhao, J., You, X., & Xiang, Y.* (2020). Gratitude and brain: Trait gratitude mediates the association between structural variations in the medial prefrontal cortex and life satisfaction. Emotion, 20(6), 917-926 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2020) = 4.93] (*Corresponding author)
Kong, F*., Heller, A. S., van Reekum, C. M., & Sato, W. (2020). Positive Neuroscience: the Neuroscience of Human Flourishing. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 14. [SCI, IF(5 years, 2020) = 3.98] (*Corresponding author)
Wang, K., & Kong, F.* (2020). Linking trait mindfulness to life satisfaction in adolescents: The mediating role of resilience and self-esteem. Child Indicators Research. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2020) = 2.72] (*Corresponding author)
Jia, N. Liu, W. , & Kong, F*. (2020). Measuring adolescent forgiveness: validity of the Tendency to Forgive Scale in Chinese adolescents. Current Psychology, 39, 1970-1976 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2020) = 3.54] (*Corresponding author)
Zhao, J., Song, F., Zhou, S., Hu, S., Liu, D., Wang, Y*., & Kong, F*. (2020). The impact of monetary stimuli on object-based attention. British Journal of Psychology,111(3), 460-472 [SCI, IF(5 years, 2020) = 4.20] (Editor's Choice；*Corresponding author)
Song., F. Zhou, S., Gao, Y., Hu, S., Kong, F.* & Zhao, J.*, (2020). Different temporal dynamics of object-based attentional lllocation for reward and non-reward objects. Journal of Vision, 20, 17. [SCI; IF(5 years, 2020) = 2.56] (*Corresponding author)
Wang, Y., Huang, Z., Huang, L., & Kong, F*. (2020). Parenting stress and life satisfaction in mothers of children with cerebral palsy: the mediating effect of social support. Journal of Health Psychology, 25, 416-425.[SSCI, IF(5 years, 2020) = 3.30] (*Corresponding author)
2019
Kong, F.*, Gong, X., Sajjad, S., Yang, K., & Zhao, J*. (2019). How is emotional intelligence linked to life satisfaction? The mediating role of social support, positive affect and negative affect, Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(8), 2733–2745 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2019) = 3.38] (*Corresponding author)
Kong, F.*, Yang, K., Sajjad, S., Yan, W., Li, X., & Zhao, J. (2019). Neural correlates of social well-being: Gray matter density in the orbitofrontal cortex predicts social well-being in emerging adulthood. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10(7), 952-960 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2019) = 4.17] (*Corresponding author)
Li, Y., Kong, F., Ji, M., Luo, Y., Lan, J., & You, X. (2019). Shared and Distinct Neural Bases of Large-and Small-Scale Spatial Ability: A Coordinate-Based Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, 1021. [SCI, IF(5 years, 2019) = 4.23]
Lu, H., Kong, X., & Kong, F. (2019). Neuroanatomical correlates of trait gambling-related cognitive distortions. Journal of integrative neuroscience, 18(3), 231-236. [SCI, IF(5 years, 2019) = 0.98]
2018
Kong, F.*, Ma, X., Zhao, J. & Xiang, Y. (2018). The resilient brain: psychological resilience mediates the effect of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in orbitofrontal cortex on subjective well-being in young healthy adults. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7, 755-763. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2018) = 4.52] (*Corresponding author)
Zhao, J., Song, F., Chen, Q., Li, M., Wang, Y., & Kong, F*. (2018). Linking shyness to loneliness in Chinese adolescents: the mediating role of core self-evaluation and social support. Personality & Individual Differences, 125, 140-144. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2018) =2.42] (*Corresponding author)
Kong, F.*, He, Q., Liu, X., Wang, X. & Zhao, J. (2018). Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations during resting state differentially predicts authentic and hubristic pride. Journal of Personality, 86, 213-219. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2018) = 3.99] (*Corresponding author)
Li, J., Zhao, Y., Kong, F., Du, S., Yang, S., & Wang, S. (2018). Psychometric assessment of the Short Grit Scale among Chinese adolescents. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 36, 291-296 [SCI, IF(5 years, 2018) = 1.59]
2017
Kong, F.*, You, X. & Zhao, J*. (2017). Evaluation of the Gratitude Questionnaire in a Chinese sample of adults: factorial validity, criterion-related validity and measurement invariance across sex. Frontiers in Psychology: Quantitative Psychology and Measurement. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1498. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2016) = 2.82] (*Corresponding author)
Wang, Y., Wang, Q., Huang, Z., & Kong, F*. (2017). Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support: Reliability, factor structure and measurement invariance across gender in Chinese parents of children with cerebral palsy. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 2020. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2016) = 2.82] (*Corresponding author)
Wang, Y., Kong, F., Kong, X., Zhao, Y., Lin, D., & Liu, J. (2017). Unsatisfied relatedness, not competence or autonomy, increases trait anger through the right amygdala. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 17(5), 932–938. [SCI, IF(5 years, 2016) = 3.51] (#Co-first author)
Wang S. #, Kong, F.#, Zhou, M., Chen, T., Yang, X., Chen, Gu., Gong, Q. (2017). Brain structure linking delay discounting and academic performance. Human Brain Mapping, 38(8), 3917–3926. [SCI, IF(5 years, 2016) = 5.09] (#Co-first author)
Kong. F. (2017). The validity of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale in a Chinese sample: Tests of measurement invariance and latent mean differences across gender and age. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 29-31. [SSCI, IF(2014) = 2.01; IF(5 years, 2014) =2.40]
Xiang, Y., Zhao, S., Wang, H., Wu, Q., Kong, F.*, & Mo, Lei*. (2017) Examining brain structures associated with dispositional envy and the mediation role of emotional intelligence, Scientific Reports, 7, 39947 [SCI, IF(5 years, 2016) = 4.85]. (*Corresponding author)
2016
Kong, F.*, Xue, S., & Wang, X. (2016). Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations during resting state predicts social well-being. Biological Psychology, 118, 161–168. [SCI/SSCI, IF(5 years, 2015) = 3.82]
Kong, F., Wang, X., Song, Y., & Liu, J. (2016). Brain regions involved in dispositional mindfulness during resting state and their relation with well-being. Social Neuroscience, 11(4), 331-343. [SCI, IF(5 years, 2015) = 3.38]
Xiang, Y., Kong, F., Wen, X., Wu, Q., & Mo, L. (2016). Neural correlates of envy: Regional homogeneity of resting-state brain activity predicts dispositional envy. NeuroImage, 142, 225-230 [SCI,IF(5 years, 2014) = 7.29].
Wang, Y., Kong, F., Huang, L., & Liu, J. (2016). Neural correlates of biased responses: The negative method effect in the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is associated with right amygdala volume. Journal of Personality, 84, 623–632 [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2015) = 4.18]
Luo, Y., Kong, F., Qi, S., You, X., Huang, X. (2016). Resting-state functional connectivity of the default mode network associated with happiness. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(3), 516-524 [SCI, IF(5 years, 2015) = 5.53]
Li, C., Wang, S., Zhao, Y., Kong, F., & Li, J. (2016). The freedom to pursue happiness: Belief in free will predicts life satisfaction and positive affect among Chinese adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 2027. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2015) = 2.89]
2015
Kong, F., Chen, Z., Xue, S., Wang, X., & Liu, J. (2015). Mother’s but not father’s education predicts general fluid intelligence in emerging adulthood: behavioral and neuroanatomical evidence. Human Brain Mapping, 36(11), 4582-4591. [SCI, IF(5 years, 2014) = 6.69]
Kong, F.*, Wang, X., Hu, S., & Liu, J. (2015). Neural correlates of psychological resilience and their relation to life satisfaction in a sample of healthy young adults. Neuroimage, 123, 165-172. [SCI, IF(2014) = 6.36; IF(5 years, 2014) = 7.29]
Kong, F., Ding, K., Yang, Z., Dang, X., Hu, S., Song, Y., & Liu, J. (2015). Examining gray matter structures associated with individual differences in global life satisfaction in a large sample of young adults. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10(7), 952-960. [SCI, IF(5 years, 2014) = 7.33]
Kong, F., Liu, L., Wang, X., Hu, S., Song, Y., & Liu, J. (2015). Different neural pathways linking personality traits and eudaimonic well-being: A resting-state fMRI study. Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 15(2), 299-309. [SCI, IF(5 years, 2014) = 4.42]
Kong, F., Ding, K., & Zhao, J. (2015). The relationships among gratitude, self-esteem, social support, and life satisfaction among undergraduate students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(2), 477-489. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2014) =2.36]
Li, M., Yang, D., Ding, C., & Kong, F*. (2015). Validation of the Social Well-being Scale in a Chinese sample and invariance across gender. Social Indicators Research, 121(2), 607-618. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2014) = 1.88] (*Corresponding author)
Bao, X., Xue, S., & Kong, F*. (2015). Dispositional mindfulness and perceived stress: The role of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 78, 48-52. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2014) =2.38] (*Corresponding author)
Kong, F., Hu, S., Wang, X., Song, Y., & Liu, J. (2015). Neural correlates of the happy life: The amplitude of spontaneous low frequency fluctuations predicts subjective well-being. NeuroImage, 107, 136-145. [SCI, IF(5 years, 2014) = 7.29]
Kong, F., Hu, S., Xue, S., Song, Y., & Liu, J. (2015). Extraversion mediates the relationship between structural variations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and social well-being. NeuroImage, 105, 269-275. [SCI, IF(5 years, 2014) = 7.29]
2014
Kong. F., Zhen, Z., Li, J., Huang, L., Wang, X., Song, Y., & Liu J. (2014). Sex-related neuroanatomical basis of emotion regulation ability. Plos ONE, 5(9), e97071. [SCI, IF(5 years, 2014) =3.70]
Huo, Y., & Kong, F*. (2014). Moderating effects of gender and loneliness on the relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction in Chinese university students. Social Indicators Research, 118(1), 305-314. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2014) = 1.88] (*Corresponding author)
Sun, P., Wang, S., & Kong, F*. (2014). Core self-evaluations as mediator and moderator of the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 118(1), 173-180. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2014) = 1.88] (*Corresponding author)
Kong, F., Wang, X., & Zhao, J. (2014). Dispositional mindfulness and life satisfaction: The role of core self–evaluations. Personality and Individual Differences, 56, 577-581. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2014) =2.38]
Zhao, J., Wang, Y., & Kong, F*. (2014). Exploring the mediation effect of social support and self-esteem on the relationship between humor style and life satisfaction in Chinese college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 64, 116-130. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2014) =2.38] (Corresponding author)
Wang, Y., & Kong, F*. (2014). The role of emotional intelligence in the impact of mindfulness on life satisfaction and mental distress. Social Indicators Research, 116(3), 843-852. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2014) = 1.88] (*Corresponding author)
2013
Kong, F. (2013). Space-valence associations depend on handedness: Evidence from a bimanual output task. Psychological Research, 77(6), 773-779. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2013) =2.53]
Kong, F., Zhao, J., & You, X. (2013). Self-esteem as mediator and moderator of the relationship between social support and subjective well-being among Chinese university students. Social Indicators Research, 112(1), 151-161. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2013) =1.88]
Kong, F., & Zhao, J. (2013). Affective mediators of the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and life satisfaction in young adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(2), 197–201. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2013) =2.31]
Kong, F., & You, X. (2013). Loneliness and self–esteem as mediators between social support and life satisfaction in later adolescence. Social Indicators Research, 110(1), 271-279. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2013) =1.88]
Zhao, J., Kong, F., & Wang, Y. (2013). Attentional spreading in object–based attention: The role of target–object integration and target presentation time. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 75(5), 876-887. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2013) =2.45]
Zhao, J., Kong, F.*, & Wang, Y. (2013). Shyness and subjective well-being: the role of emotional intelligence and social support. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 891–900. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2013) =1.88] (*Corresponding author)
Song, G., Kong, F.*, & Jin, W. (2013). Mediating effects of core self-evaluations on the relationship between social support and life satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 1161-1169. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2013) =1.88] (*Corresponding author)
Sun, P., & Kong, F*. (2013). Affective mediators of the influence of gratitude on life satisfaction in late adolescence. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 1361-1369. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2013) =1.88] (*Corresponding author)
Zhao, J., Kong, F.*, & Wang, Y. (2013). The role of social support and self-esteem in the relationship between shyness and loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(5), 577-581. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2013) =2.31] (*Corresponding author)
Prior
Kong, F., Zhao, J., & You, X. (2012). Emotional intelligence and life satisfaction in Chinese university students: The mediating role of self-esteem and social support. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(8), 1039–1043. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2012) =2.36]
Kong, F., Zhao, J., & You, X. (2012). Social support mediates the influence of emotional intelligence on mental distress and life satisfaction in Chinese young adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(4), 513–517. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2012) =2.36]
Kong, F., Zhao, J., & You, X. (2012). Components representation of negative numbers: Evidence from auditory stimuli detection and number classification tasks. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65(4), 691-701. [SCI/SSCI, IF(5 years, 2012) =2.29]
Kong, F., & You, X. (2012). Space-time compatibility effects in the auditory modality. Experimental Psychology. 59(2), 82-87. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2012) =2.07]
Kong, F., Zhao, J., & You, X. (2012). Trait emotional intelligence and mental distress: The mediating role of positive and negative affect. International Journal of Psychology. 47(6), 460-466. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2012) =1.49]
Zhao, J., Kong, F., & Wang, Y. (2012). Self-esteem and humor style as mediators of the effects of shyness on loneliness among Chinese college students. Personality and Individual Differences. 52(6), 686-690. [SSCI, IF(5 years, 2012) =2.36]
Kong, F., & You, X., (2012). The influence of forms of temporal words on space–time compatibility effects. Journal of Psychological Science, 35(6), 1328-1332. (In Chinese)
Kong, F., Zhao, J., You, X., & Zhang, Y. (2012). The attentional SNARC effect caused by low-level processing of negative numbers in auditory modality. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 10(1), 12-17. (In Chinese)